Parameter and coefficient description | MLE | SE | 95% CI | MLE | SE | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Females | Males | ||||||
p0 (baseline detection probability) | Intercept (bear rub) | − 6.20 | 0.30 | − 6.8 to − 5.61 | − 7.77 | 0.29 | − 8.37 to 7.17 |
β rub behavior | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.79–1.20 | 1.35 | 0.09 | 1.16–1.54 | |
β bear rub effort | − 0.04 | 0.09 | − 0.03 to 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.02 to 0.29 | |
β hair snare | 0.73 | 0.37 | 0.01–1.46 | − 0.05 | 0.30 | − 0.64 to 0.53 | |
β hair snare effort | 2.47 | 0.34 | 1.79–3.14 | 3.63 | 0.31 | 3.02–4.24 | |
β forest cover | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.01–0.30 | 0.09 | 0.07 | − 0.03 to 0.23 | |
β Julian day | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.07–0.42 | 5.05 | 0.49 | 4.09–6.01 | |
β std. of terrain curvature | − 0.09 | 0.06 | − 0.22 to 0.02 | − 0.22 | 0.06 | − 0.33 to − 0.10 | |
β Julian day quadratic effect | − 1.95 | 0.21 | − 2.36 to − 1.53 | ||||
σ (spatial scaling) | Intercept | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.36–0.74 | 1.04 | 0.21 | 0.63–1.45 |
δ (resistance or cost of movement) | β drainages binary | − 0.53 | 0.15 | − 0.83 to − 0.23 | |||
β forest cover | − 0.85 | 0.29 | − 1.41 to − 0.29 | ||||
β distance to drainages | 1.50 | 0.45 | 0.62–2.39 | ||||
β transportation corridor | 2.20 | 0.30 | 1.61–2.79 | ||||
Density (bears per 4km2 pixel) | Intercept (D0) | − 0.44 | 0.13 | − 0.69 to − 0.19 | − 0.99 | 0.09 | − 1.81 to − 0.81 |
β forest cover | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.00–0.44 | 0.04 | 0.19 | − 0.33 to 0.42 | |
β grizzly density | − 0.18 | 0.09 | − 0.35 to − 0.01 |