Fig. 4

DaHwB (the angular difference between the heading of the head and the body) during routine movement. (A) Example of an oryx head heading (depicted by ‘hairs’ emanating from the animal movement path – black line) when it deviated from body heading (DaHwB - with red hairs showing head heading being anticlockwise [left] of the body heading and blue hairs showing the reverse) and was followed by a change in body heading within 3.5 s (see Fig. 2) resulting in a turn in the path – note the differing scales of path tortuosity over the length of the track. (B) Density distribution of head DaHwB of the 6 individual oryx (colour-coded in blue), illustrating that, although changes in head heading with respect to body heading may be substantial during oryx movement (see A), the head and body are well aligned for most of the time