Fig. 3

(A) Approach by people to 6 oryx within a ca. 0.5 × 0.5 km pen by walking (starting top left) in a (A) single-, then (12 min later) (B) double predator simulation. The person/people approaching is shown in black with timings and distances to the left while the locations of the oryx are shown in red, with head headings depicted by straight ‘hairs’. The predominant head heading for the different individuals (different colours) for each sector is shown to the right. Note how in (A) the single predator simulation, the oryx initially have head headings in a predominantly circular pattern (panel A1), but rapidly (at distances of < 480 m) fixate on the human (pane A2) until distances of < 275 m when some changes in head heading (scanning) appears to concentrate on an escape path (pane A3). Finally, at < 100 m, the animals concentrate their attention on the escape path, with less attention maintained on the human (pane A4). In (B), the two predators simulation, similar patterns occur, including the animals apparently looking for an escape route (pane B2) but, as the humans approach to < 300 m, with attention seemingly focused on the closest person (pane B3)